China+Test+1

Ethnocentrism- evaluating other peoples and cultures according to the standards of one's own culture.
 * Vocabulary**

Isolation- Without relation to other people or things; separately

Dynasty- - Ruling family - A line of hereditary rulers of a country Emperor - A sovereign ruler of great power and rank

Imperialism - Taking over another place - Utilizing its resources and imposing your rules

Civil Service - The permanent professional branches of a government’s administration

Propaganda - The spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage an opposing cause by using a biased or misleading nature - Chinese used this for making the communist leader Mao Zedong a popular hero

Totalitarianism- - A state where the government controls every aspect of the citizens’ lives through a single-party dictatorship - Chinese communists did this to restore order and to achieve their revolutionary goals - government that rules over everything

Cultural Diffusion - Spreading ideas, technology, etc. from different cultures

Self-Sufficiency Needing no outside help in satisfying one’s basic needs

Collectivization- When Mao, during the Great Leap Forward, combined farms together in order to increase grain production and harvesting efficiency.

Self-determinism - Where a country determines its own statehood and forms its own allegiances and government - China did not have this when other countries were telling it what to do

Communism- Goal- to create a classless society, everyone does what they can, gets what they need.

Nationalists - Having pride in your own country Wanting independence

Diplomacy - The profession, activity, or skill of managing international relations typically by a country’s representatives abroad

Gentry- people of good social position (aristocrats)

Missionary- a person sent on a religious mission, especially one sent to promote Christianity in a foreign country

Kowtow- bowing down to your superiors (not always literally)

Highest and Lowest population centers in China- most of China's people live in the eastern third of China because it's elevated. Major rivers - names and why they are important
 * Geography**
 * || **Huang He River** || **Yangtze River** || **Xi River** ||
 * **25.Nickname** || River of Sorrow || Chang River || West River ||
 * **26.Empties into** || Yellow Sea || East China Sea || South China Sea ||
 * **27.Direction travels** || North China to Yellow Sea || North China to East China Sea || Flows through South China ||
 * **28. Ranks in size**


 * (1st to 3rd)**

Some soil is very fertile and enriches the land || 2 Busy port, dams that produce great electrical power || 3 In a major port for shipping, Ample water, favorable climate, and good soil || Loess- fertile soil
 * Good things** || 1
 * **29.Bad things** || Flooding || Flood farmland and force lots of people to leave their homes || Tens of millions of people crowd into the fertile delta ||
 * **30. Anything else** || Flooding dries up and leaves a fertile layer of silt || Government produces dams for making hydroelectric power || Enables farmers to produce 2 or 3 crops a year ||

Great Wall- built to keep out armies


 * Early china (brief**
 * 1) Mandate of Heaven – Given to dynasties/emperors
 * 2) Each dynasty had the “Mandate of Heaven”
 * 3) Gave them absolute power and rule, "the power of the gods", the gods watching over them
 * 4) When things start to go bad, the dynasty supposedly “loses” the mandate of heaven (the gods think it is time for a new ruler) = new dynasty
 * 5) Dynastic Cycle – The rise and fall of Chinese rules
 * 6) According to the Mandate of heaven
 * 7) Filial Piety – The duty and respect that children owe their parents, family comes before everything, if your family tells you to do something illegal it isbetter to do it and break the law then to defy and dishonor your family.
 * 8) Like a ruler, the father must set an example for his son and look after his family.
 * 9) A father gets the credit, or blame, for his son’s actions
 * 10) Daoism – very broad ideas – connect with nature, scientific advances
 * 11) Emphasis on the link between people and nature/natural way, rather then importance of proper behavior (Confucius)
 * 12) Also valued simplicity
 * 13) It is not really defined – “those who know the Dao do not speak of it; those who speak of it do not know it”
 * 14) It contradicts confucism – A society with these “rules” is considered an artificial creation that destroys //natural// order
 * 15) Daoists made advances in science, technology, astronomy, biology, chemistry
 * 16) Spheres of Influence – An area in which a foreign nation has special economic privileges (like building railroads or schools)
 * 17) The western world split up China into these “spheres”

Population size, numbers, % of world pop.- 2.1 billion, 20% of the world population (1 in 5 people in the world live in china) Main ethnic group- Han
 * General Info**

Confucius - general beliefs, structure of society (family first), respect for ancestors, filial piety (do what your family says even if it is illegal) Role of women in early china- Mao Chiang Kai-Shek- leader of nationalists, became Mao's enemy Sun Yatsen- First leader of nationalists Ci Xi- empress who secretly supported the Boxers
 * People**

Imperial period - products desired by Europe, spheres of influence- all imperial powers taking a piece of China
 * Events - Modern China**
 * Road to Communism**

Taiping Rebellion - 1850-1864, weakened Qing dynasty, the peasants were mad at the dynasty rulers for allowing foreigners to steal so much Chinese land so they revolted against the government. The government stomped the rebellion which lasted 14 years killing 50 million people it was before the boxer rebellions the start to a series of revolts

Opium Wars - people brought opium into china and everyone got addicted, china tried to ban it, china destroyed a british shipment of opium and war broke out, Britain won.

Boxer Rebellion - fists of righteous harmony, killed christians and foreign, wanted to purify, early 1900s

Extraterritorality- If a crime is committed in China, you can be tried in your own land, by your own courts.

Ideas of Communism -to create a classless society, everyone does what they can and get what they need, no private ownership of businesses  How Maoism differs from Marxism- Maoism is basically the same, but the peasants carry out the revolution (in Marxism it is the industrial working class)

1937 War with Japan - unifying communists and nationalists temporarily, japan attacked first

Long March- Communists trying to escape the Nationalists, started with 90,000 ended with 7,000, lasted about a year

1949 victory for Mao- nationalists flee to Taiwan

How communism conflicts with Confucianism- communism- loyalty to the state and country, Confucianism- loyal to family, Maoism- loyalty to country, pride in China. Many Chinese had a conflict b/c the Maoism and Confucianism had conflicting ideas for the Chinese.

Post 1949 china:

Mao's Hundred Flowers Campaign: Mao asked for criticism and expected it to be positive but he then found it wasn't, causing him to become less likely to listen to the people. He changed his openness policy soon after and harshly punished those who had spoken up before. Great Leap Forward - Cultural Revolution-trying to get rid of four-olds, red guards going around china organizing mass rallies and trying to get rid of old traditions (etc), landlords/rich peasants/enemies of the people were prosecuted Little Red Book: Filled with Mao's quotes on how to live life. Everyone had one, they used them in school, everyone had it pretty much memorized
 * aims: Modernize/ make China industrial
 * actions: Most food farms shut down so as to turn into steel farms
 * consequences: A huge famine that over 20,000 people died from- enemies of the people were given lowest priority in distribution of food (landlords, rich peasants, etc)