China+Test+2

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How Deng changed Maoist economic and political policies > Four Modernizations China’s relationship with USA, USSR, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam Education in China
 * Deng opened the economy so people could make private profit - this solved agricultural problems
 * He also made economic zones that allowed more trade between China and other countries
 * People also became more equal under his leadership (women got rights)
 * Made education abroad possible (admitting lacking of education)
 * One Child Policy
 * eased some of the government's strict economic controls
 * welcomed foreign investment in China
 * Modernizing agriculture - he allowed people to grow and sell their own crops
 * Expanding industry - he opened up trade
 * Developing science and technology - promoted going to western colleges
 * upgrading defense - they imitated western armies, become regional defensive power
 * USA - lots of trade, outsourcing factory work, Nixon was the first president to visit, we don't like their human rights but are sort of forced to trade with them
 * USSR - taught China about communism and helped them during and after the civil war by providing technical advice and helping with loans (USSR is kind of like a mentor), worried about each other (as a threat)
 * Japan - used to be strained, but now they are trying to increase contact by trading raw materials and a place to sell stuff for science and technology
 * Taiwan - China considers that Taiwan is part of China, but Taiwan believes that it is it's own country. Nationalists fled to Taiwan. Today Taiwan prospers with a good manufacturing economy.
 * Vietnam - strained because many people are fleeing Vietnam after the war
 * Education is better in cities/urban areas than in rural areas
 * to get into a good Chinese college you need:
 * good health
 * good politics
 * good grades

Hong Kong – 1997
 * China regained control from Britain (who won it in the Opium Wars)
 * Major center of trade, manufacturing, shipping and finance
 * capitalist economy
 * China promised that it would not change Hong Kong for at least 50 years after 1997 but many citizens leave if they can because they are worried that drastic changes will be made soon

One Child policy – reasons: problems:
 * overpopulation of China
 * lack of resources
 * lack of space
 * pollution
 * Girls are aborted, abandoned, killed, and hidden
 * Unequal boy:girl ratio
 * Women are like products/commodities/assets, and are sold like property
 * Many kids are spoiled and fat
 * Reduced status of women
 * Huge orphanages
 * by the time the newest generation gets to and age where they can marry there will be far more boys than girls ; only about 10% of males will be able to find a wife
 * poses health problems for overweight pampered single children
 * it will make human trafficking more widely spread around China and the rest of Asia (is already starting now)

Tiananmen Square – causes, led by whom- students ? What happened? Tank man, slaughter. Consequences for protestors- shot at, crushed, family crushed, overwhelming military presence
 * 1989
 * Other communist governments were falling, China's students (children of the elite) took to the streets to protest China's government because they wanted to gain freedoms such as freedom of speech and they wanted more "opportunities"
 * Want freedom of press
 * the government felt threatened so they sent in tanks to get everyone out by 6am. They were supposed to evacuate the area peacefully but the students blocked the armies entrance
 * army fired randomly into the square, it is suspected thousands were killed, but we don't know because the press was very well controlled
 * the army used bullets that were meant to cause slow, painful deaths (bullets that would be used in war to drain the enemies medical supplies) on the students
 * the army told the students that if they left immediately everything would be forgotten
 * students took a vote, but the man adding up the votes lied and said that majority wanted to leave because he knew that it was going to be a blood bath
 * when the parents (wealthy middle class citizens- perfect people to start a revolution) came, they were not allowed to find the bodies of their children. Instead they were sent away and shot in their backs
 * an ambulance came but soldiers shot the drivers
 * citizens had to pay for the bullets
 * It was a slaughter, people were shot, crushed, it was dark, when parents came to peacefully protest the next day, they were shot at too
 * TANK MAN: represented the common man, the common worker standing up to the outrageous actions of the government. Changed the world
 * if you go on yahoo China and search "Tiananmen Square" no pictures of tank man will come up, only pictures of the buildings around the square and people

China post Tiananmen Square – Positives of opening up the economy –
 * the “deal” between the government and the public: you won't revolt again or try to gain more political rights, but we will give you a free market, the ability to profit, internet, etc
 * After Tienanmen Square, China opens it's economy to prevent more rebellions
 * wealth
 * economic opportunity
 * choices
 * markets opening
 * growing middle class
 * big cities
 * incentive
 * profit

Negatives of opening up the economy –
 * lack of free education and health care
 * use of migrant workers
 * poor working conditions
 * low pay in manual labor
 * no sick pay
 * higher unemployment
 * Virtually no health care in rural areas
 * Rural places no longer have free health care and education, unemployment has gone up,
 * "China A"
 * like New York
 * modern
 * good economy
 * crime
 * pollution
 * like western cities
 * "China B"
 * majority
 * poor
 * little education/literacy
 * little water
 * like Africa
 * rural
 * no benefits of modernization
 * Other Important Notes:
 * Farmers
 * can make private profit
 * but still can't pay for kids to go to school (less education and literacy)
 * no healthcare
 * millions leave rural areas for cities- largest migration
 * factory workers make a decent amount of money but lack basic rights

Censorship – complicity of some American companies? Internet access in China. How can China be a major economic power without allowing information access for the people? Google, Yahoo paid off to censor some things on the Chinese internet Internet access restricted Different google for China and Hong Kong... foreigners can't use Google China there are 30,000 internet police that monitor what people do on their personal computers government pays companies like Yahoo to censor their websites- the companies agree to this because they are being paid and they can argue that it is better to have some filtered information than none at all

Tibet – ways in which China oppresses Tibet - police and military everywhere - beating, arresting and torturing dissenters - monitor anyone who questions their authority - roadblocks to control movement - reports of forced labor (labeled "made in china") - influx of chinese workers - people convicted for crimes they havent commited - No population growth (actually decreased by a lot) - Chinese is the new official language - Try to control nomads- take them away from homes, no basic rights - New railway - Forced abortions and sterilizations - The Chinese made a law that says you can't have more than 2 children - Many Tibetans have fled cross the mountains to escape, but if they are sighted they are immediately shot so not that many make it across - Tibetans are trying to spread the word of what is happening to the rest of the world but it is hard because the Chinese threaten to torture them and their families - No free speech - People inside are scared - Tourists are oblivious because the Chinese policy don't wear uniforms so most tourists don't even know they are there - Chinese have put nomads in concentration camps and killed all their livestock - It is rumored that they are taking land to get more resources for China - Blockades keep people in and cameras out - Chinese claim Tibet as part of China - China = 1 soldier per 1400 citizens, Tibet = 1 soldier per 20 citizens - no religious freedom - Chinese torture people who talk of freeing Tibet - economy is in a depression - lots of unemployment - alcoholism issues - influx of Chinese people/workers - business dominated by Chinese - trains bring in Chinese people and bring out resources

Could there be a revolution in China? Arguments for and against this happening. Could: -large middle class -political unrest -access to internet (can see rest of world) -middle class wants more opportunities economically and politically -GIGANTIC wealth gap… small group has ALL the money - they have a rising middle class to lead the revolution - not much equality (between rural and urban areas and people) - people are being oppressed - people want more rights - internet access (so that you can see the world and the world can see you) the government can't take away their access to technology, either, because the economy would tank - a lot more college graduates who can't find jobs or wives = chaos - one child policy - want more opportunities - corruption (could be good or bad)

Can't: - military is loyal to government - military tortures, imprisons and sanctions people - transference of power so there is no dictatorship - wealthy middle class either think they are in a democracy or don't want a democracy because they might lose their money - corruption (could be good or bad)

Growing middle class? Yes, but they might actually fear democracy because they would have to give up some of their wealth. Growing information access? Facebook and Twitter are banned, but to help economy Chinese people need access to www, cellphones etc Level of corruption? high, but impression that it's dealt with Inequality? Yes and growing, worse than the Arab lands that had revolutions Current beliefs of population? Many believe they actually live in a democracy Actions of the government to make sure revolution does not happen? Censorship, limited coverage of other rebellions Role of military? Very loyal to the state Social discontent over land being taken away - yes