Africa+Test+Review


 * Assignments 34-39**
 * 1. The Gold-Salt Trade:** In west Africa the north had salt and the south had gold the countries traded these 2 things for each other.
 * 2. The achievements of the empires of Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Benin, and Zimbabwe** - very powerful gold based empires.
 * 3. The importance of Islam to the Mali Empire:** Mensa-Musa brought Islam into Mali.
 * 4. The roles played in traditional African families -** Depends on where you are. Some places women are revered, some places women are disdained, and some places women are equal.
 * 5. Traditional forms of African governments -** Mali and Songhai a powerful leader ruled a large area; often village leaders made the decisions that changed daily life.
 * 6. Traditional forms of economic systems practiced throughout Africa -** Farming or herding societies; mostly subsistence farmers; in most societies individuals do not own land.
 * 7. The role women played in traditional African societies -** Attitudes towards women varied widely:
 * 8. The role religion played in the lives of traditional Africans**
 * 9. European exploration of Africa**
 * 10. The Atlantic Slave Trade and the Middle Passage:** The Middle Passage = Atlantic Ocean. People used to trade slaves for guns. It was abolished first in Europe and then in Africa.
 * 11. Effects of the slave trade on African societies:** Destroyed communities because it took away the strongest people; caused wars
 * 12. African colonies that were organized for freed British and American slaves:** Sierra Leone and Liberia
 * 13.**
 * Motives of European imperialist powers:**
 * Economic:** compete for control of raw materials, saw African societies as potential market for European goods
 * Political:** Rivalries between European countries to gain control of Africa
 * Religious:** Christians believed that it was their duty to spread the benefits of Western civilization.
 * 14. Reasons for European dominance throughout Africa:** Wanted economic and political power.
 * 15. Effects of the Berlin Conference:** Gave Leopold the Congo free state
 * 16. Leopold and the Congo:** Committed a bunch of atrocities; slavery etc...
 * 17. African resistance to European imperialism:** They resisted European imperialism with military force, and lost badly due to the Europeans advanced weapons i.e. the gatling gun.
 * 18. The Boer War:** Boers were Dutch settlers in South Africa who fought off the native people with the help of the British and then the British turned on them and stole the Dutch land.
 * 19. Colonial governments and economic systems established throughout Africa:** Direct and Indirect rule; Changed to a money economy.
 * 20. Positive and negative material improvements within Africa throughout colonization:** Based on opinion.
 * 21. Legal & Educational systems set up in Africa by colonial powers:** Built schools, set up a western style legal system.
 * 22. Origins of apartheid** - 1948 Nationalist party came to power in south africa. They believed in white superiority and set up a strict legal system known as apartheid.

Vocabulary and People Sir Henry Morton Stanley, [|GCB], born John Rowlands (28 January 1841 – 10 May 1904), was a Welsh journalist and [|explorer] famous for his exploration of [|Africa] and his search for [|David Livingstone]. Upon finding Livingstone, Stanley allegedly uttered the now-famous greeting, "Dr. Livingstone, I presume?"
 * Mansa Musa** - Emperor of Mali
 * Sunni Ali -** Sonni Ali, also known as Sunni Ali Ber or "Sunni Ali", was born Ali Kolon.[|[][|1][|]] He [|reigned] from about 1464 to 1492. Sunni Ali was the first king of the [|Songhai Empire], located in west [|Africa] and the 15th ruler of the Sonni dynasty. Under Sunni Ali's infantry and cavalry many cities were captured and then fortified, such as [|Timbuktu] (captured in 1468) and [|Djenné] (captured in 1475). Sonni conducted a repressive policy against the scholars of [|Timbuktu], especially those of the [|Sankore] region who were associated with the [|Tuareg] whom Ali expelled to gain control of the town.
 * Timbuktu** - Captured and owned by Sunni Ali.
 * city-state** - city with its own government
 * lineage -** tracing your decent to a common ancester in order to create bonds of loyalty between people.
 * clan -** Several lineages would form a clan that could trace their roots to an even earlier ancester.
 * consensus** -Consensus decision-making is a [|group decision making] process that seeks the consent, not necessarily the agreement of participants and the resolution of objections.
 * subsistence farmer** - a farmer that grows enough food for them selves ant their family.
 * polygamy** - Having multiple spouses.
 * bride wealth** - Gift given to bride by grooms family for her hand in marriage.
 * patrilineal** -Family heritage passed down by father.
 * age grade system -** All children of the same age stay in their own age groups and grow close toghther
 * Vasco da Gama** - European explorer found route from Africa to India.
 * diaspora** - the migration or scattering of homogenous people
 * Shaka Zulu** - Zulu leader that built a huge empire in the north
 * missionary** - christian preacher that goes to Africa to convert natives to Christians.
 * cash crop** - crop that can be sold on the world market.
 * direct rule -** The coloniel power controlled the government at every level.
 * indirect rule -** Leaves traditional rulers in place but the government makes the decisions.
 * apartheid-** Race based governmental system.
 * Prince Henry-** The Navigator from Portugal.
 * Livingstone -** An explorer who went to Africa. Wanted to open up the highways for commerce and Christianity. Campaigned against the slave trade.
 * Stanley -**